What is the primary disease leading to peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

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Atherosclerosis is the primary disease leading to peripheral arterial disease (PAD) because it involves the buildup of plaque within the arterial walls, which narrows the arteries and restricts blood flow to the limbs. This condition interferes with the normal circulation, particularly in the peripheral regions of the body, such as the legs and arms. Atherosclerosis results from factors such as high cholesterol, smoking, and high blood pressure, which contribute to the pathological changes in the arteries over time.

While diabetes mellitus and hypertension are significant risk factors that can exacerbate the condition and lead to the development of PAD, they are not the underlying diseases that cause the arterial blockage. Similarly, an aneurysm is a different vascular condition characterized by a localized dilation of an artery and is not the primary contributor to PAD. Understanding that atherosclerosis is the main driver helps clarify the importance of managing risk factors to prevent the progression of PAD.